论《西藏等三边赋》——以边疆意识为中心

On“Trilateral Prose-Poem” ——Take frontier consciousness as the center

有清一代,边疆舆地赋的创作蔚然成风,其代表作品分别是乾嘉道之际蒙古和宁的《西藏赋》、吉林英和的《卜魁城赋》及大兴徐松的《新疆赋》。三赋在历史、地理、民俗、物产乃至文学特色诸方面,特色和价值尤为突出。贯穿于赋作中的,是强烈的边疆意识。不过,赋作中的边疆意识,带有盛世时期"为封疆增色"、歌功颂德的浓厚意味。而到了光绪九年(1883),此三赋由元尚居汇刻为《西藏等三边赋》,则凸显了此时边疆危机意识的日益强烈,更重要的是,已然迥异于赋作,透露出时代所特有的忧患感。这两种截然相反的边疆意识,各有其深广的时代背景;同时也折射出盛世、末世转换之际边疆意识深层次的历史变迁。

In Qing Dynasty,it is a common practice to write frontier prose-poem,the representative works include'Ode To Tibet'(Tibet Fu) by Hening,a Mongol,'Ode To the City of Bukui'(Bukui City Fu) by Yinghe from Jilin province,and'Ode to Xinjiang'(Xinjiang Fu) by Xusong from Daxing in the reign of Emperor Qianlong,Jiajing and Daoguang. These three odes have unique characteristics and value in the study of history,geography,folklore,local products and literature. The frontier consciousness can be felt strongly throughout the odes. However,the consciousness reflected the flattery to the heyday border areas. The three odes were carved collectively under the name of 'Tibet Trilateral Odes'onto stone tablets by Yuan ShangJu in the nine year of Emperor Guangxu(1883),which highlights the increasingly frontier crisis awareness,and more importantly,it is different from the ordinary fu,revealing the unique sense of time. The two opposite sense of frontier,each having its profound background of the times. At the same time,also reflects the spirit of the occasion,conversion of Frontier consciousness deep historic change.