德国大学研讨课教学模式研究

The Study of Seminar——A Teaching Form in German Universities

以研讨为重点的习明纳(Seminar)教学模式诞生于18世纪的德国,19世纪以来成为德国大学普遍采用的教学模式,对实现'教学与科研合一'的德国大学理念发挥了巨大的作用。德国研讨课(习明纳)的特点是注重学习者向研究者角色的转换,强调能力培养,启发批判精神,重视创新。德国大学的研讨课形式多样,笔者结合自己的求学经历重点探讨了以研究生为对象的高级研讨课程的运作,指出它对于提高学生批判性思维能力、培养学术科研习惯、推进教师科研都具有重要意义。文章最后指出了中国大学在引入研讨课教学模式时存在的误区,同时肯定了它对于中国建设研究型大学的重要意义。

The teaching form of Seminar focused on both discussion and research first appeared in the 18th century in Germany.Since the 19th century it has been widely used in German universities,and it is playing an important role in realizing the concept of"unity of teaching and research"in German universities.The character of Seminar is to concentrate on the change of role from a student to a researcher,to emphasise the nurturing of abilities and to inspire critical thinking and innovation.There are various forms of Seminar in Germany.We try to discuss the operation system of senior Seminar targeted at postgraduates and masters through our own studying experiences in Germany,because this kind of Seminar has significant meaning for improving students’ critical thinking,developing the habits of scientific research and promoting the teachers’ research abilities.Last but not least,we should point out that there are some misunderstandings when introducing the teaching module of Seminar to Chinese universities.At the same time we should also affirm the positive meaning of this teaching module for the construction of research universities in China.