中国檀香科无茎草属的一种新记录和属的特征的修订

NEW RECORD OF A SPECIES OF PHACELLARIA BENTH.(SANTALACEAE) FROM CHINA, WITH REVISIONARY NOTE OF THE GENUS

一个世纪以前,英人Bentham(1880)根据印度和缅甸的两种标本,创立了檀香科的无茎草属(Phacellaria Benth.),发表在《植物属志》第二卷上。这个属经过将近半个世纪,增加到8种,全部分布在东南亚热带和亚热带森林地区,其中两种分布到中国云南和四川。1939年Danser做了属的订正,归并两个种,另外又增加一个新种。现在这个属一共有7种,种名和分布地点如下: 1.Phacellaria Fargesii Lec.,1915,东印度;中国四川省。

The genus Phacellaria of the family Santalaceae was established by Bentham (1880) in his Genera Plantarum a century ago. It is a small and peculiar gen- us consisting of only 7 species in south eastern Asia up to the present. Among them there are 2 species which extend their range of distribution from Indo- China to south western China, one in Sichuan and the other in Yunnan respect- tively. This paper gives a report on the occurence of Phacellaria tonkinensis Lec. in Longyan xien and Nanjing xien of Fujian Province. It was found by the author for the first time from China in April, 1951 as a hyperparasite attack- ing Taxillus levinei (Merr.) Danser on Cinnamomum camphora Nees, Litsea citrate Bl., Dalbergia hupeana Hence, Ulmus parvifolia Jacq., Castanopsis eyrei Tutcher and Xylosma congestum Merr. Based on a long time of field observations and careful anatomy and through the examination of specimens of the genus preserved in various herbaria in China in conjunction with the present studies, it has been found that some important morphological characters had been mach neglected by earlier taxon- omists. Particular attention is here called to the fact that the plant is peren- ial, herbaceous, with stems and leaves degenerated. It is evident as shown in the two accompanying pictures that the plant of the present species consists of a single or a group of branches scattered over the stems of its host, Taxiilus levinei (Merr.) Danser. These branches are leafless and have an abscission layer at their bases. After the maturation of the flowers and fruits, these bran- ches will fall off from their host. In the meantime, many small roundish len- ticel-like scars are formed on the bark of the host. Subsequently, one or a few small young branches may arise from the surrounding tissues of the scars ag- ain. These branches are actually the inflorescences of the plant which had been erroneously called as stems in earlier literatures of the genus. It seems to the author that the plants of this genus are highly degenerated with their stems and leaves completely disappeared in the course of evolution. To summarize the points from the evidences mentioned above, a revision- ary note of the genus is given below: The plants of the genus Phacellaria Benth. are all hyperparasites attacking Loranthus, Taxillus and Viscum of the family Loranthaceae. They are herbaceous, perennial, with stems and leaves degenerated, and with inflorescences more or less long and slender which are scattered over the stems of the host plant.