反乌托邦的诞生

The Naissance of Dystopia

反乌托邦作为大众文化最具生产力和批判力的叙事传统之一,在今天仍然较难进行系统的讨论。其原因在很大程度上来自于命名携带的陷阱——反乌托邦叙事往往被认为是对乌托邦的讽刺和否定,或者模糊地意指"坏的地方"以对应乌托邦之"好的地方"。然而,若系统考察反乌托邦叙事,不难发现它早已溢出了乌托邦叙事的限定,直接回应着一系列现实论题,如女性主义、后人类主义、城市化问题、现代性、异化等。本文试图回到"反乌托邦"的命名起点,尝试通过分辨围绕着反乌托邦的话语构成,来打开一定的讨论空间。

Dystopia is one of the most critical narratives of the popular culture.To some extent,it is beyond interpretation because of its definition:it is well known that dystopia refers to a bad place while utopia means a good place;that is,dystopiais a negative utopia.But if we look into the works thatare called dystopias,it is obvious that they do not simply disavow what utopias insist.They also deal with various theses like feminism,post-humanism,modernity,etc.This paper focuses onthe emergence of dystopia from the beginning and tries to analyze its discursive formation.