试析五四时期现代白话文的整体构想与书写创制——以《新青年》上钱玄同、刘半农、傅斯年的三份方案为中心

A Probe into the Conceptual Framework and Mechanism for Writing in Vernacular Chinese during the May Fourth Period: Focusing on the Three Schemes Proposed in New Youth

在五四时期的《新青年》之上,可以找到三份对白话文进行设计的系统性方案。它们将语言文字变革的意见明确化、条理化并固定下来,在相当程度上规定了现代白话文的面貌。在其中,不难发现以'欧化'方式全面改造中国既有白话书面语、以无歧义的确定意义沟通社会实用需求的思路,即造成所谓的五四'欧化白话文'。这一白话文起到了凝聚中国现代文化、联络现代中国人情感、满足现代中国人文化书写的作用,也奠定了中国语言文字的现代行进道路。同时,这三份方案还是对白话文的一种'科学话语洗礼',参与了在现代性支配下统一而均质的一般书面语的建设,而这也是唯一具有合法性的'现代中国'一般书面语,形成了中国现代民族国家的书面书写方式。

The magazine New Youth publishes three systematic schemes for vernacular Chinese during the May Fourth Period,and they were proposed by described by Qian Xuantong,Liu Bannong and Fu Sinian to clarify,sort out and write down the views on the reforms on Chinese language.These schemes,to a considerable extent,define the appearance of modern vernacular Chinese,and the approach to transform the existing vernacular written Chinese through'Europeanization'and to achieve an ambiguity-free language for the practical needs in social communications results in the so-called'Europeanized Vernacular Language.'The new vernacular Chinese functions to enhance cultural solidarity interrelate the sentiments of the people and provide a writing system of Chinese intellectuals,and thus it paves the road to the modernization of Chinese language.These three schemes also baptize vernacular Chinese with a'scientific discourse',helping to construct a unified and homogeneous written language in the context of dominating modernity,and thus initiating the one and only legitimate form of written language for general use in modern China in the process of nation-state formation.