宋元“讲史话本”的伎缘与学缘

The Artistry in the Historical Storytelling Scripts of the Song and Yuan Dynasties

宋世社会存在着一个伎艺讲史—经筵讲史的关系框架,它所蕴含的历史知识普及化发展脉线,不只存在于从经筵讲史到伎艺讲史之间,还存在于宋代整个社会文化环境中,而伎艺讲史、通俗历史读物即是这一脉线分处于口头领域、书面领域的两种表现形式。'讲史话本'的出现,正是在承续宋代经筵制度引领的历史知识普及化发展脉线的基础上,激励于通俗历史著述的繁盛,以及元代书面编写领域白话著述观念和能力的变革,从而编成了这种包含着书录或模拟讲史伎艺体制因素和故事内容的通俗历史读物。在这个过程中,讲史伎艺的表述方式(包括程式格套)能够落实于当时的通俗历史读物编写中,并非基于讲史伎艺繁盛和讲史艺人需求的激发所推动的结果,而是出自书面编写领域主导的讲史伎艺文本化的结果。

The Song dynasty saw the development of telling historical stories in both official functions and folk gatherings,and both occasions reflect the popularization of historical knowledge not only in these occasions but also in the sociocultural environment.Artisan’s storytelling performance and popular history books represent two representational forms of the oral and written products,and historical storytelling scripts thus emerged.These scripts are the results of the popularization of historical knowledge,the prosperity of popular historical books,the attitude to and the ability in vernacular Chinese during the Yuan dynasty.In this process,the style of expression of historical storytelling was gradually incorporated into popular history books.This is,the paper argues,not because of development of artistry of telling but because of the textualization in the process of writing story scripts.