浅析唐赋以诗句为题的现象

An Analysis of the Phenomenon of Titling Fu with Poetry in the Tang Dynasty

诗莫盛于唐,赋亦莫盛于唐。在唐代诗赋相互渗透共同发展的大创作背景下,唐代的赋作有一种命题方式是以诗句作为题目,即'赋用诗题'的现象。'赋用诗题'影响了赋的创作内容和主旨,体现出诗、赋两种文体在表现方式和特征上的异同,明显地揭示出诗赋合流在唐代的文体发展中的趋势。本文整理罗列出《全唐赋》中所有以诗句为题的赋作,分析其意旨与写作手法。该类唐赋既有主旨与题目所用原诗的意旨一脉相承的赋作,也有作品断章取义,扣住诗句生发出新意旨的。写作手法上结合了比兴和赋法,能吸收诗歌抒情性强、善于营造意境的特点,又能发挥赋重铺陈排比、议论说理的长处。当赋题是写景诗句时,赋作将诗句意在言外留下的余地一一展开铺叙,填充其延展空间,同时又通过合理的延伸想象设立出新的空间与张力。该类赋作是唐赋向诗歌靠拢的一个缩影,反映出唐代赋家探索文体特征、文体界限时展现出的蓬勃的生命力。

Poetry and fu(prosy ode)both flourished during the Tang dynasty,and thus with the mutual infiltration and development of poetry and fu,there was a phenomenon of using poetical lines in the title of fu,which influenced its content and purport.This phenomenon also reflected similarities and differences of poetry and fu in expressions and characteristics,and clearly revealed the trend of confluence of poetry and fu in the development of literary styles during the Tang dynasty.This article lists all the works in The Complete Fu of the Tang Dynasty that used poetry in titles and analyzes their intention and writing techniques.Some of them had the same purport as the original poetry,while some decontextualized the original for new purposes.By combining the writing techniques of comparison(bi),affective image(xing)and exposition(fu),these works simultaneously had the lyrical quality and artistic conception of poetry,and exhibited the strengths of fu in exposition and discussion.When the title of fu was a poetical line that described the scenery,fu extended unsaid content in the original poem by means of exposition,and at the same time established new space and tension through reasonable imaginative extension.This kind of fu exemplified fu’s approach to poetry during the Tang dynasty,which reflected the vigorous vitality of the authors in exploring the feature and limit of literary styles.