政治问题,还是伦理问题——《文学革命论》发生动因的一种读解

Political or Ethical: Chen Duxiu’s Motive for Writing“Towards a Literary Revolution”

以往对《文学革命论》发生动因之认识,主要是与政治问题建立直接关联,并由此导致截然不同的对立性评价。但这些看法,实际是《文学革命论》接受史研究。如果深入其'发生前史',可以发现,'文学革命'与'国民性改造'密切相关。从陈独秀国民性改造思想、反孔教与伦理革命、'文学革命'论争以及文本自身等多个视角梳理,认为在社会、政治、伦理等诸动因中,伦理问题最为直接、最为紧迫。若从此角度出发,可尝试重建《文学革命论》与鲁迅为代表的新文学创作实践、与'人的文学'观念之关联,亦可重估其对于中国现代文学观念发生之价值。

Chen Duxiu’s motive for writing'Towards a Literary Revolution'has been widely understood on the political level.This conception is based on its historical consequence and therefore controversial among scholars.To put the article into its original context,a solid correlation can be found between the debate on literary revolution and the slogan of'reforming national characters.'Combined with the anti-Confucian revolution back then and the textual performance of the article,it can be argued that,for Chen Duxiu,the concern of ethics was more imperative than that of society or politics.In this view,to reconnect'Towards a Literary Revolution'with the practices of new literature and the concept of'literature of humanity'is conducive to reevaluate the article’s significance to modern Chinese literature.