从美学反叛到人的自我完善——论《威廉·迈斯特的学习时代》的改写及其理念变化

From Aesthetic Revolt to the Training of Whole Person through Self-Improvement:on the Rewriting and Theme of Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre

歌德的小说《威廉·迈斯特的学习时代》脱胎于《威廉·迈斯特的戏剧使命》,并最少进行了三方面的重要改写。经过改写,小说的主题及核心理念,已经由原来对鄙陋现实的悲剧性的、激烈的美学反叛,变为在更广阔的社会舞台历练心性,进而自我完善为'完整的人'。这一过程,不仅记录了歌德本人思想的关键转变,而且代表了德国由狂飙时代向古典时代转变的思想轨迹。其中包含的批判现代社会、主张人的全面自由发展等深刻内容,后来还成为马克思主义等思潮的重要精神来源。

By rewriting Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre after the script Wilhelm Meisters theaterische Sendung from three aspects,Goethe changed the novel’s theme and main idea,which from former tragic and furious aesthetic revolt,to the training of Whole Person through self-improvement in a wider society.The rewriting not only records the critical changes of Goethe’s thought,but also reveals the theoretical transformation of Sturm und Drang era to the Weimarer Klassik era in Germany.The profound which contained in it,such as criticism to modern society and proposition of free and complete development of personalities,also became the important resources of Marxism and other spiritual trend.