情境认知视角下的语言能力新构念及应用

Reinterpretation of Language Competence in the Perspective of Situated Cognition

随着语言的交际、认知、情境属性在语言能力理论研究和测试实践中的日益凸显,提出新的、符合当前外语教学实际的语言能力构念已成为现实需求。本文在分析已有语言能力理论的基础上,结合情境认知理论,将语言能力定义为"语言学习者或使用者在一定情境中运用语言知识和综合认知策略,完成交际任务的能力"。该构念涉及情境、语言任务、知识和策略3个维度,共14个描述指标。为检验该构念的应用性,研究中构建了含246条描述语、6个水平等级的海军英语口语能力量表,量表验证表明本构念有较强的可行性,能力构念路径和框架有良好的应用前景。

In the context that the communicative, cognitive, and situational attributes of language competence have been increasingly highlighted, it is an imminent demand to redefine and explore the construct of language competence. Based on the review of previous research on language competence,this paper takes the perspective of situated cognition and defines it as "the ability that enables language learners or users' situated employment of language knowledge and comprehensive cognitive strategies to perform communicative tasks." The construct consists of three components of situation, language task, as well as knowledge and strategy, referring to 14 indicators. To test its applicability, a scale of the navy's oral English proficiency of six levels containing 246 descriptors has been developed and validated. It demonstrates that the new construct of language competence is reliable and practical, and the developed framework is promising in application.