“土著文学美学必须政治化”——从《灵力》中爱玛之多重形象看琳达·霍根的文学创作

“Native Literary Aesthetics Must Be Politicized”:The Multi-dimensional Image of Ama in Power and Linda Hogan’s Literary Creation

作为当代著名的印第安作家,琳达·霍根十分关注当代美国印第安人的生存问题,并始终致力于书写印第安本土文化,为印第安人发声。《灵力》正是这样一部聚焦美国内部殖民统治下印第安民族生存境况的作品。在美国内部殖民统治和父权制的双重压迫下,印第安妇女处于社会边缘的边缘。在霍根笔下,尽管爱玛已被双重边缘化,甚至可以说被三重边缘化了,是一个处于社会最底层的'属下'女性,在法庭审判中'不能说话',然而她却致力于成为一个'看护世界的女人'。通过塑造爱玛这个具有多重形象的印第安女性,霍根旨在让更多的底层人走出不能言说的困境,最终实现自我救赎。从一定意义上讲,爱玛就是霍根的代言人,表征着霍根的文学创作观。

As a famous contemporary Native American writer,Linda Hogan has shown her biggest concern over the survival problem of Native Americans,focusing on Native Americans’own stories and cultures.Power is naturally no exception.In this novel,the image of Ama has deepened our understanding of the survival predicament of Native Americans,particularly Native American women marginalized by both domestic colonial power and the patriarchal system.In Power,Hogan portrays Ama as'The Woman Who Watches over the World'though she is only a subaltern woman and is a vague,or maybe even a triple-whammy and thereby cannot speak in a court law.Undoubtedly,through the characterization of Ama,a Native American woman of multi-dimensional scope,Hogan calls for Native Americans to walk out of the survival predicament and to find the way to self-salvation.In this sense,Ama is the spokeswoman of Hogan,embodying Hogan’s view of literary creation.