犹太—基督宗教强烈的道德意识自何而来？

Where Does the Judeo-Christian Religion’s Powerful Moral Consciousness Come from?

为何犹太—基督宗教的道德意识具有比古希腊罗马众多宗教和'哲学'明显更为强烈的道德意识?本文试图从比较宗教和比较文明的视角回答这个问题,认为古代犹太人独特的一神论信仰固然是一个极重要的因素,但也有文明、人口和社会—宗教方面的重要原因。除此之外,以色列先知激烈的道德规劝和社会抗议也起到了关键性作用。但从根本上决定犹太—基督宗教的一神论信仰和强烈道德意识的因素,还得到古以色列人所在的地理—自然环境中去寻找。

Why does the Judeo-Christian religion have such a moral consciousness that is conspicuously more powerful than that of the religions and‘philosophies’which had prevailed in the Greco-Roman world?This paper attempts to answer the question from the perspective of comparative religion and civilization,arguing that,although the unique monotheistic faith of the ancient Jews was an extremely important factor,there can be found for it civilizational,demographic and socio-religious explanations.Apart from these,the vehement moral exhortations and social protests of the Israeli prophets also played a key role.Yet,the ultimate cause that determined the monotheistic faith and the powerful moral consciousness of the Judeo-Christian religion is to be found in the natural environment the ancient Israelis were in.