民族主义时期澳大利亚文学中的边缘人——亨利·劳森作品中的华人形象研究

Marginal Men in Australian Literature of the National Period: The Image of the Chinese in Henry Lawson’s Works

在澳大利亚作家创造民族文学和书写澳大利亚性过程中,澳大利亚华人自始至终是边缘化的存在。劳森作品中的华人作为寄居者,面临种族歧视和远离故土的双重困境;他们精于业务、吃苦耐劳,却多以贩毒商人、瘾君子和赌徒的负面形象呈现,成为淘金时期存在共性问题的底层阶级的'替罪羊',成为澳大利亚社会臆想中东方入侵的'替罪羊';他们被描绘成卑屈的底层阶级、'逆来顺受'的'白色中国人',成为民族主义时期白人'自我'追求身份认同的镜像'他者',促使以劳森为代表的民族主义作家在'文化自卑'下不断界定、建构和确认西方文化和种族优越感。

During the time of the Australian National Period,Australian intellectuals were creating a national literature and seeking Australian-ness.In the literary works of this time,the Chinese were marginalized.In Henry Lawson’s works,the Chinese,the sojourners,were confronted by dual predicaments of racial discrimination and being far away from home.Although they were skilled in business and hard workers,they were mostly represented through such negative images as drug traffickers,drug addicts,and gamblers.The Chinese became scapegoats of the lower classes who had the same problems of taking opium and gambling in the Gold Rush Period:'Orientals'were assumed by Australians to be invaders.Images of the Chinese were over-simplified and stereotypical.Some of them became servile and submissive'White Chinese,'and the mirror of'the other'that enabled'the self'of whites in the National Period pursue self-identification.These examples pushed Australian writers such as Henry Lawson to define and construct cultural and racial priorities under the Australian'cultural cringe'.