自杀倾向的话语表述——大学生“走饭”微博分析

Analysis of Suicidal Tendencies in Microblog Discourse:The Case of “Zoufan”

本文分析网名为"走饭"的大学生自杀身亡前三个月在其大、小两个微博账号的原发微博近千条,分析其话语特征特别是自杀倾向的表达。分析框架参考了Kupferberg和Gilat(2012)的"现实取向"与"非现实取向"话语区分,以及DSM抑郁症诊断标准(2013)。研究发现,走饭实施自杀前在其微博中反复、频繁表达了自己抑郁的痛苦和自杀意图,并纠结于求死和求生之间。两个微博账号的主要话语特征包括:1)使用现实与非现实的跨世界话语;2)去语境化、碎片化;3)有较大量符合抑郁症特征的表述;4)频繁使用死亡隐喻和意象,其中部分具有共性,部分具有博主所处的情境特性。此外,公开性强的大号与隐秘性强的小号也有若干差别,如自杀企图的表述在大号更为隐晦,在小号更为直接。研究对未来的话语分析与危机鉴别的结合研究、青少年自杀危机干预实践提出了启示。

This case study attempted to identify discourse features regarding suicidal tendencies of the depressed.The data analyzed were about 1,000 posts written by Chinese collegestudent'Zoufan'on her two microblog accounts,three months before her suicide.Analytical framework included Kupferberg’s(2012)realis and irrealis worlds,and DSM diagnostic standards for depression disorder(2013).It was found that'Zoufan'had repeatedly expressed her depression,suicidal tendencies,and ambivalent desires for life and death.Common discourse features included 1)the overlapping between the realis and irrealis worlds,2)decontextualized and fragmented expressions;3)content in agreement with diagnostic features of the depression disorder;4)frequent use of metaphors and images of death.In addition,differences are found between the more public account and the more private one.For example,the expression of suicidal tendencies is more obscure in the public oneand more direct in the private one.The study has implications for discourse research related to crisis identification and the practice of crisis intervention.