场景编码、频率固化和统计前摄效应对英语起动动词被动泛化的影响

The Influence of Scene-encoding,Entrenchment and Statistical Preemption on Overpassivization of English Inchoative Verbs

针对目前不少学者将具备及物形式的原生非宾格和非作格动词纳入起动动词行列,有必要重新探究起动动词的习得问题。以往对起动动词被动泛化的考察并未基于被动和起动构式的句法功能差异,因此本研究通过混合设计方差实验证实,即使在适用起动构式的语境中,中国大学生仍会违背话语原则,将起动动词误用被动构式,且高、低水平都受到及物场景与构式编码典型映射的影响。低水平还受频率固化和统计前摄的制约:对高频动词的判断优于低频动词,对与起动构式有明显关联倾向的原生非宾格和非作格的判断优于派生非宾格。高水平类似母语者,不受频率和语义影响,具备抽象构式的心理现实性;但与母语者的差距说明,仅依靠隐性知识积累,并不能习得近似构式的实际用法差异,因此研究部分支持基于使用的构式习得观。

Since monadic unaccusative and unergative verbs with causative forms have been added to inchoative verbs,it is essential to reconsider the acquisition of inchoative verbs.The past research didn’t explore overpassivization of inchoative verbs based on the comparison of form-function mapping differences between inchoative and passive constructions,while this research uses mixed design variance experiment to prove that Chinese college students would violate discourse principles and make overpassivization errors in contexts that inchoatives should be preferred,and overpassivization of high and low level students are both influenced by the prototypical association between transitive scene and construction encoding.Low level students are also influenced by entrenchment and statistical preemption effects,thus tend to make less errors with high frequency verbs than low frequency ones,and less errors with monadic unaccusative and unergative,which have higher contingency with inchoative construction,than dyadic unaccusative.Like the native speakers,high level students are not influenced by semantics and frequency,because they manage to possess the psychological reality of abstract constructions,however,their distance from native speakers indicates that different usages of similar constructions cannot be acquired through mere accumulation of implicit knowledge,therefore this research is partly in support of usage-based construction acquisition theory.