十九世纪美国白人小说经典中的生态意识观

On the Ecological Conscience in the White Fictional Canons of 19th Century America

本文以十九世纪美国早期、中期和晚期最具代表性的作家詹姆斯.费尼莫尔.库珀、赫尔曼.麦尔维尔和马克.吐温等美国白人文学大师的作品为例,研究其各自小说经典中具有类似形象的三位主人公的命运结局,探讨了这三位作家如何在其小说创作中构筑生态意识话语。本文认为,这三位作家在各自的小说创作中具有一种不可避免的双重矛盾,即对自然的热爱与恐惧相互交织、对物质文明之追求与保留净土之向往相互抵触。

This article studies the three different protagonists’ similar destiny in the works of white literary masters such as James Fenimore Cooper,Herman Melville and Mark Twain in the 19th century as to analyze the discourse of ecological conscience in their fictional composition.It is concluded that there is unavoidable ambivalence in the nineteenth-century American fiction-composing,which is the interwoven love and fear for Nature and the conflicts between the pursuit of the material civilization and yearning for a pure paradise.