生成句法学对汉语被动句四种分析法之辨析

A Critical Review of the Four Analyses concerning Chinese Passives under the Theory of Generative Syntax

英语被动句由受事论元移位至主语位置生成,但以此方式分析汉语被动句则不能解释诸多语言事实。基于句法层面的移位操作和语义层面的控制机制,生成句法学试图统一分析汉语中的长被动句和短被动句:动词后的宾语经历非论元移位嫁接在主句动词的补语IP上生成长被动句,动词后的空代词经历论元移位进入VP的标示语位置则生成短被动句,而两种空语类(空算子和空代词)与各自主语间的语义关联都是依附于某种控制机制(控制或述谓)得以实现的。

English passive clause is believed to be derived via the movement of PATIENT argument into the subject position. However, a parallel analysis of Chinese passives leaves unexplained numerous linguistic facts. By combining the syntactic movement operation and the semantic control mechanism, the theory of generative syntax aims to put forward a uniform analysis of both long and short passives in Chinese. The proposal specifies: the object undergoes A’-movement and adjoins to IP complement, thereby generating Chinese long passives; the object undergoes A-movement and moves into Spec-VP, thereby generating Chinese short passives. In both cases, the co-reference between the subject and the relevant two empty pronouns (Null OP and PRO) is realized by either predication or by control mechanism.