专名和描述语的语用研究——以奥斯卡获奖感言为例

The Pragmatic Research of the Proper Name and Descriptions :Based on the Oscar Acceptance Speech

专名和描述语作为指称问题研究不可回避的基本内容,其研究历史百年有余,除了指称功能,它们的语用功能也不可忽视。奥斯卡获奖感言因睿智、幽默一直备受关注,以历届奥斯卡获奖感言作为语料,对其中的专名和描述语进行语用分析具有一定的代表性。由于受交际双方认知能力、共有知识和交际需求等语境因素的影响,专名和描述语的使用表现出说话者的语用选择:专名具有经济性和模糊性;描述语具有关联性和隐喻性,它们都对言语交际起着重要作用。

As the basic and unavoidable content of referring problems, the proper name and descriptions have been studied for more than a hundred years. In addition to referring function, the pragmatic function can not be ignored. Oscar acceptance speeches have attracted much attention because of its wisdom and humor, and it is representative that the proper name and descriptions of these speeches are analyzed pragmatically. Due to some contextual factors, such as the speakers’ cognitive ability, the mutual shared knowledge and communicative needs, the proper names and descriptions show the address’ s pragmatic tendency, for instance: economy and ambiguity of the proper names; relevance and metaphor of descriptions etc, which plays an important role in interpersonal communication.