Hymes的语境模型及其在外语教学中的应用

Contextual Mode of Hymes and the Application in Foreign Language Teaching

语境在语言交际中发挥了重要的作用,脱离了社会和交际环境,人们就无法准确地理解话语的意义。人们在交际过程中使用的语言受到诸多社会文化因素的影响,例如交际双方的关系,交际的场合、目的以及约定俗成的一些社会规则等等。然而,在目前的外语教学中,教师在讲解语言功能时,很多时候忽略了社会文化因素的影响,忽视了培养学生的社会文化意识。Hymes的SPEAKING语境模型应用于外语教学中,例如在听力教学和阅读教学中,参照该模型分析语境引导外语学习者关注影响语言使用的社会文化因素,了解目的语的交际准则,提高交际的得体性和有效性,具有较高的实践意义。

Contexts play a significant role in verbal communication. It is highly essential for people to take into consideration the social context and the communication environment if they want to understand each other accurately. Verbal communication is actually affected by many social cultural factors such as the interrelationship between speakers, the environment where the communication takes place, the purpose of the communication, some conventional social rules, etc. However, in the current foreign language teaching, social cultural factors are often ignored and the students’ social cultural awareness is not well cultivated. The application of the contextual mode of Hymes-SPEAKING just improves this situation and leads the foreign language learners to focus on the social cultural factors, learn the communication rules of the target language and enhance appropriateness and effectiveness.