对多义词“口”的语义扩展研究——以汉日惯用语比较为例

A Study of the Semantic Extension of the Polysemy “Kou”——The Comparison of the Phrases about “Kou” in Chinese and Japanese

多义词因为本身'多义'的特点在现实生活中起到了良好的表达作用。多义词的词汇语义可分为本义和扩展义。语义的扩展主要通过隐喻、换喻等比喻表现来实现。多义词'口'在汉语和日语中是非常活跃的构词要素,有很多由'口'构成的词汇和惯用语。多义词'口'的惯用语表面看来似乎杂乱无章、无从分类。但通过运用国广哲弥的多义分析方法,对汉语和日语'口'的语义扩展情况分析的结果,发现'口'的惯用语的各种意义之间都以隐喻、换喻、提喻等比喻表现为基础,相互作用,构成一定的系统性。

The polysemy because of their "multi-sense" features, played a good role in the expression in real life? The lexical semantics of polysemy can be divided into original meaning and extended meaning? Semantic extension is mainly achieved through such as metaphor, metonymy and so on? The polysemy word "Kou(Ku chi)" is a very active element of word-building in Chinese and Japanese, there are many of composed of "Kou(Ku chi)" words and idioms? The polysemy word "Kou(Ku chi)" word and idioms, it seems likely to be disorganized, cannot be classified? But by the polysemy analysis method of Tetsuya Kunihiro that many of the various meanings of the word are based on the metaphorical expression, interact with each meanings? Although seemingly disorganized, but a closer look is a certain degree of connectivity, can constitute a system?