重庆市大气TSP中重金属分布特征

Analysis of Heavy Metals Character in the TSP in Chongqing

分析了重庆市主城 7区渝中区、九龙坡区、渝北区、南岸区、江北区、沙坪坝区以及清洁对照区 (北碚区 )的总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)监测结果。结果表明 :重庆市 7区中 ,只有渝中区和北碚区达到国家二级标准 ,而九龙坡区、渝北区、江北区、南岸区和沙坪坝区均超过国家二级标准 (<0 .2 mg/ m3) ,说明重庆市颗粒物污染严重 ,空气质量不容乐观。用等离子体发射光谱仪 (ICP- AES)测定分析了 TSP中 5种重金属 ,结果显示 :九龙坡区 Cd和 Pb含量平均值最高分别为 0 .0 1 2 1μg/ m3,0 .4632μg/ m3,Zn的含量渝中区最高为 1 .52 2 5μg/m3,Cu和 Cr的含量沙坪坝区最高分别为 0 .1 2 96μg/ m3、0 .471 9μg/ m3。富集因子法分析结果显示 :主城 7区 TSP中 5种重金属的富集系数均大于 1 0 ,而且大 1～ 3个数量级 ,说明重庆市的重金属污染主要来自于人类活动。

The content of TSP was analyzed in this paper,which was got from seven districts of Chongqing,in which Beibei District(Jinyun Montain) is background area.The results showed that the annual average value of TSP in the Yuzhong and Beibei lower than the Standard(Ⅱ)(< 0.2mg/m3);the annual average value of TSP in the Jiulongpo,Yubei,Jiangbei,Nanan,Shapingba higher than the Standard(Ⅱ)(< 0.2mg/m3).This implied the air pollution was serious in Chongqing.Five kinds of heavy metals in the TSP were analyzed by ICP-AES.It showed that the tiptop average value of content of Cd,Pb,Zn,Cu,Cr and the values is 0.0121μg/m3(Jiulongpo)、 0.4632μg/m3(Jiulongpo)、 1.5225μg/m3(Yuzhong)、 0.1296μg/m3(Shapingba)、 0.4719μg/m3(Shapingba),respectively.Based on the method of enrichment gene,the result showed that the enrichment coefficient of 5 kinds of heavy metals in the TSP greatly higher than 10,even 1-3 number grade.This can conclude that the pollution of heavy metals in the TSP come from the human activity.