有机垃圾好氧堆肥过程中微生物生长适应条件的研究

Adaptability of Microorganism in the Process of Aerobic Composting

研究了堆肥过程中微生物种群和数量的变化以及堆肥中各种中温微生物的最优生长条件。真菌在高温期是优势菌群 ,细菌在腐熟期是优势菌群 ,且经过堆肥发酵后 ,微生物的种群趋于单一 ;中温细菌、放线菌、真菌分别在 p H为 7,8,5的环境下 ,在 C/ N为 50 ,30 ,1 0的环境下 ,在 2 %～ 5%的 Na Cl浓度下生长最好 ;且中温细菌能改变酸性环境 ,使之适应细菌的生长。中温真菌具有较强的耐酸碱性。中温放线菌具有很强的耐盐性 ,可在含 1 5%的 Na Cl溶液中生长。

The change of microorganism's population,amount and growing condition in the process of aerobic composting were studied in the paper.The results showed that fungi were dominant in the thermophilic period and bacteria were dominant in the maturation period.After composting and fermentation,the population of microorganisms tended to be simplification.The most suitable pH conditions of mesophilic bacteria,actinomycetes and fungi were 7,8,and 5, while the suitable C/N ratios were 50,30,and 10,respectively.All of them could grow well under the condition of 2%～5% NaCl.The results also indicated that mesophilic bacteria could change some acid conditions in order to fit for their growing.The mesophilic fungi could grow well in weak acid and alkaline conditions.Actinomycetes could live in 15% NaCl solution.