亚洲象繁殖生物学特征探讨

Characteristics of Reproductive Biology of Asian Elephants

运用全天观察和记录法 ,对一只连续繁殖两胎的雌性亚洲象在发情、交配、妊娠、分娩、产后行为及幼象行为等方面的表现做了详细观察和记录 ,并结合文献资料进一步探讨了亚洲象繁殖生物学特征。结果表明 :①采用适当的食物、药物、人工授精等人工辅助措施有助于亚洲象的繁殖 ;②母象妊娠体征明显 ,中后期乳头间距增大并能挤出粘性液体 ,可作为判断母象怀孕的重要依据 ;③加强对母、幼象的护理利于健康和成活 ;④幼象日吮乳次数逐日减少 ;⑤幼象 1周岁断奶是可行的 ;⑥不同胎次的妊娠征兆、怀孕期、幼象排大便等特征有较大差异。

The authors particularly observed and recorded the biological characteristics of one female Asian elephant that had produced two fetuses consecutively through whole-day observation and recording of estrus, mating, gestation, parturition, postpartum behavior, behavior of two young elephants and subsequent reference to literature. The results were as follows: ①adopting the proper artificial assistant measures such as food, medicine and artificial insemination, etc., is helpful to breeding of Asian elephants; ②the gestation characteristics of the female elephant are obvious in that the space between two nipples enlarge and the mucous liquid can be extruded from the nipples in the middle and later stage of gestation, and this is an important basis for judging the female elephant pregnancy; ③improvements in nursing the mother and young Asian elephants are conducive to the health and survival of the animals; ④daily frequencies of the young elephant′s sucking the breast of the mother reduce day by day; ⑤it is feasible to ablactate the young elephant at the age of one; ⑥there are a great deal of differences in the characteristics of different fetuses, including gestation omen, gestation period,defecation of the young elephant etc.