从汉语习得角度看话语标记的分类

On Classification of Discourse Markers from the Perspective of Chinese Acquisition

已有的汉语话语标记分类多从其所处位置、表现形式或功能等角度入手,不利于留学生对话语标记的习得。根据话语标记的语法化程度,可将其分为明示型和默会型两类。明示型话语标记的语法化程度低,语义透明度高,结构松散凝固性弱。默会型话语标记的语法化程度高,语义透明度低,结构紧凑凝固性强。默会型话语标记的习得难度更高,是对外汉语课堂教学的重点和难点。

The classification of the existing Chinese discoursemarkers is usually undertaken from their occupied positions, manifestation patterns or functions, which goes against the acquisition of discourse markers by the international students. Abased on the degree of grammaticalization, discourse markers can be divided into two types: explicit and tacit ones. Explicit discourse markers have lower degree of grammaticalization but higher semantic transparency, whose structures are loose. Tacit discourse markers have higher degree of grammaticalization but lower semantic transparency, whose structures are compact conversely. Tacit discourse markers are more difficult for international students to be acquired and they are key and difficult points for TCFL (Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language) classroom teaching.