河南高新技术产业集聚分析

A STUDY OF THE AGGLOMERATION OF HI-TECH INDUSTRIES IN HENAN PROVINCE

本文的研究表明,河南高新技术产业表现出十分明显的集聚特征,并依据其技术的先进性分化出3个空间层次。同时,在集聚主导下,河南高新技术产业布局还存在着分散化趋势。这种格局主要受区位效应、先行效应、企业扩张与衍生的本地化、地方政府的学习机制和发展产业的路径依赖等4个机制的共同作用。河南高新技术产业的集聚产生了明显的集聚效益,集聚效益与各高新区的集聚程度成正比。在此基础上,本文提出了优化高新技术产业布局,加快河南高新技术产业发展的建议。

This paper demonstrated that the hi-tech industries in Henan province have very obvious characters of agglomeration. Zhenzhou and Luoyang hi-tech industrial development zones, which are national hi-tech industrial development zones, are the main agglomeration areas of hi-tech industries in Henan province. The hi-tech industries in the other hi-tech zones have a smaller proportion to the whole hi-tech industries in Henan province. There are five main and important hi-tech industries in Henan province, which are electronic information, new material, electronics and machinery, biologic engineer, energy and environment protection. Moreover, the agglomeration of hi-tech industries in Henan province is devided into three spatial levels according to their technological advancement. At the same time, under the dominating of agglomeration, the allocations of hi-tech industries in Henan province have also a tendency of decentralization. The spatial pattern of hi-tech industries agglomeration in Henan province is the combining result of location effects, precedence effects, the expanding and local ramifying of enterprises, and the learning system and the dependence of development path of local governments. The precedence effects are a kind of advantages obtained by the hi-tech zones that develop ahead. They include concretely two aspects. One is that if a hi-tech zone develops earlier than others, the local government often take it as a representation of new things, supporting it by give it more special policies and developing capital than other hi-tech zones which develop late in order to make it succeeded. The other one is that the investment situation of the first developing hi-tech zones are more superior than the late developing ones, and their attractions to hi-tech industries are greater than the late ones. The expanding and ramifying of local enterprises are resulted in two causes. On the one hand, a enterprise incline to choose the present location as the location of its new investment program. On the other hand, the enterprises were often limited by the administration restriction of the local government. The effects of local government in hi-tech industry development often result in the decentralization of the allocation of hi-tech industries in Henan province. According to the above conclusions, this paper gives suggestions about how to optimize the allocations of hi-tech industries, and develop them in Henan province quickly.