民族生态旅游:保护性开发民族旅游的有效模式

ETHNIC ECO-TOURISM: AN EFFECTIVE MODEL FOR PROTECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF ETHNIC TOURISM

旅游对目的地社会文化的影响,特别是对民族地区传统文化的负面影响,是目前学术界的一个热点问题。如何对民族旅游进行保护性开发,实现既大力发展民族地区旅游经济,同时又使优秀民族传统文化传承并动态向前发展的旅游目标,是一个亟待 解决的重要课题。针对某些学者提出的生态博物馆模式,本文在分析该模式局限性的基础上,认为民族生态旅游是保护性开发民族旅游的有效模式。

The socio-cultural impact of tourism on the destination areas, especially the negative impact of tourism on the traditional cultures in the ethnic areas is a hot topic. The urgent task at present is how to develop ethnic tourism protectively to develop tourism economy rapidly in the ethnic areas while the fine ethnic traditional cultures being carried forward and being made in normal dynamical progress. The search of many years has proved that the models of nationalities museum, natural nationalities village in the open air and copied nationalities village cannot carry out that target. Lately eco-museum is put forward as an effective model for sustainable tourism by some researchers. The author does not agree to this point according to the following reasons. The first is that eco-museum is simply a new style of museum and its main function is to educate people and to diffuse cultural heritages and is not to develop tourism according to the market economy principle. The second is that facts'have showed that Suo-Gar Eco-museum of Miao nationality in Guizhou province does not seem to realize the aim of the sustainable development-of the sustainable development of tourism. This situation results from the local Miao people does not care about the protection of their ethnic culture. Therefore, The author concludes that in order to realize the aim of protection of the ethnic cultures, the task must be combined with the development of economy of the local areas and make the owners and creators of the ethnic cultures get direct economical benefits so as to increase the cultural self-confidence and improve the ability of self-carrying forward, self-protection and self-development of the ethnic cultures. Furthermore, author makes a discussion about the principle, the contents and the active effects on the protection of the ethnic cultures of ethnic eco-tourism.