杜亚泉与哈耶克有限政府论理论基础之比较

A Comparison of the Theories of Du Yaquan and Hayek on Limited Government

宪政是现代政治文明的基本特征,而宪政的精髓乃在于限制国家和政府的权力以保障个人的基本权利,同时又实现国家的富强。正是基于此,作为20世纪初的中国启蒙思想家杜亚泉和作为20世纪影响最大的自由主义思想家之一的哈耶克,都极力主张政府权力及职能的有限性。他们的有限政府论有相同或相似的理论前提,但是更有作为其理论基础的伦理哲学和认识哲学上的极为深刻的差异。杜亚泉的宪政主张最终被其国家主义所代替,虽然有着深刻的时代背景,但更主要的在于其理论基础上的缺陷。宪政和有限政府的主张与实践如果缺乏其相应的理论基础尤其是相应的伦理基础的支撑,便不可避免地会带有动摇性和不彻底性。

Constitutional government is the basic feature of modern political civilization, and the core of constitutional government is to limit the power of state and government to ensure the basic rights of citizens. Based on this idea, both Du Yaquan, an enlightened thinker in the early 20th century of China, and Hayek, the most influential liberal thinker in the 26* century of the West, advocated the limitation of government. Their theories of restricted government have the same or similar theoretical premises, but behind the premises their philosophy in ethics and epistemology are widely different. Du Yaquan's idea of constitutional government was finally replaced by his nationalism, which shows his theoretical deficiency. Without the support of theory, the proposal and practice of limited government will not be firm and thorough.