中国近现代文化发展的基本线索

The Thread Running Through Modern and Contemporary Chinese Cultural Development

中国的近现代文化是从鸦片战争之后形成的 ,西方强势文化的撞击 ,使中国的封建文化体系逐渐解体 ;封建官僚集团里改良派和保守派的斗争 ,逐渐确立了“中体西用”的近代文化思想 ,在改良派受到压制的时候 ,以孙中山为旗帜的在野知识分子的革命派就发展起来了 ,民主、共和的文化思想 ,是中国划时代的文化思想。五四产生了中国独立的知识分子阶层 ,现代文化就从五四开始。独立的知识分子阶层又分化出以李大钊、陈独秀为代表的马列主义的革命文化 ,以胡适为首的学院派文化和以鲁迅为代表的社会派文化 ,这三派文化都源于科学和民主的现代文化思想。

Modern and contemporary Chinese culture took shape after the Opium War.Against the backgrounds of struggles between reformists and conservatives inside the feudal bureaucratic bloc at home and the impacts by the strong Western culture from abroad,China's feudal cultural system disintegrated gradually,thus establishing the idea of 'taking Chinese learning as the main body and relying upon Western learning for functions'.At a time when the reformists were suppressed,revolutionary rank from among intelligentsia not in office gathered together under the banner of Dr SUN Yat_sen and started development marked by the epoch_making cultural ideology of democracy and republicanism.The May Fourth Movement ushered in China's independent intelligentsia,to be split up into three groups,all of which originated from the contemporary cultural ideology of science and democracy,namely, the revolutionary Marist culture represented by LI Da_chao and CHEN Du_shiu,the scholastic culture headed by HU Shi,and the sociologic culture represented by LU Xun.