TRIP_s与医药产品强制许可制度之新解

New Interpretation of TRIPs and Compulsory License System For Medical Products

一些发展中国家基于公共健康、环境保护、技术转让、投资、就业等原因主张在药品知识产权领域广泛使用强制许可制度。但是应当看到 ,TRIPs为保护知识产权提供了协调一致和非歧视标准 ,平衡了消费者和发明人之间的利益 ,广泛使用强制许可将使这种平衡发生偏移 ,其结果是使免费使用的被许可人而不是一国境内的消费者受益 ,并对社会福利造成危害。取消药品强制许可可能带来负面影响 ,国际社会正在寻求有效的解决方案 ,自愿许可就是已经证实的切实可行的一种替代方法 ,主要的制药公司的捐助计划也给发展中国家的病人带来了福音。

For such reasons as public health, environment protection, technology transfer, investment, employment, etc., some developing countries advocate widely applying compulsory license system in the fields of medicine intellectual property right. However, it should be noticed that TRIPs provide coordinated and non-discriminatory standards for the protection of intellectual property right, maintain the equilibrium between the interests of consumers and inventors, but widely applying compulsory license system will cause the deviation of this equilibrium, with the result that it benefits the licensee but not the consumers of a country, and causes harms to social welfare. The abolishment of medicine compulsory license system may bring about negative influence. International society is seeking effective solution, and voluntary license has been proved as a feasible substitutive solution. The contribution plan of key pharmaceutical companies also is glad tidings for the patients in developing countries.