论合伙的性质及法律地位

On the Nature and Legal Position of Partnership

早在法人制度形成以前 ,合伙是自然人在商品经济关系中唯一的联合形式。但长期以来 ,合伙一直被作为自然人或法人从事民事活动的一种特殊形式 ,即使合伙作为一种企业形态已被现实经济实践广泛接受并制定有专门的合伙企业法之后 ,合伙的性质和法律地位仍然停留在传统的民法认识上而未有突破。针对该种情况 ,笔者在认真考查国内外合伙实践的基础上 ,提出对合伙应根据不同情况 ,区别对待 :一些简易合伙不能成为民事主体 ;而对某些形式的合伙组织应赋予独立的法律人格 ,使之成为与自然人、法人并列的第三民事主体。

Partnership is the only cooperating form for natural beings in commodity economy relationship before the incorporated system is formed. But for a long time, the nature and legal position of partnership still stop at traditional understanding of civil law. The author, having investigated the partnership practice home and abroad, proposes that partnership should be treated differently according to different situations. Some simple partnership cannot become civil subject; some forms of partnership should be given independent legal position, thus become the third civil subject together with a natural being and a legal person.