中苏关系的演变与中国经济——二论中苏关系恶化对中国的影响

The Evolution of Sino-Soviet Relations and China's Economy──The Impact of the Deterioration of the Sino-Soviet Relations on China (II)

2 0世纪 5 0年代至 6 0年代中苏关系的演变 ,不仅影响中国的政治 ,也对当时中国的经济发展产生了重大影响。苏联模式弊病的暴露促使中国领导人开始探索自己的建设道路 ,但不久探索便偏离了正确的方向 ,导致大跃进和人民公社化运动的失败 ;苏联单方面中止对中国的经济援助 ,促进了中国的自力更生 ,但对自力更生的片面理解 ,却又助长了“闭关自守”的倾向 ;由中苏关系恶化引发的“反修防修”斗争则使 6 0年代的中国经济政策急剧“左”倾 ,使中国经济再次陷于停滞状态。

The evolution of the Sino-Soviet relations in 1950's and 1960's has a profound and great impact on both China's politics and its economic development. First of all,although China's leadership then tried to find a new model helpful to the development of China's economy after they saw the defects of the Soviet economic development pattern,the exploration proved to be a deviation,which in the end resulted in the failure of the Great Leap Forward Movement and the People's Commune Movement.Secondly,the one-sided suspension of the Soviet economic aid to China promoted the adoption of a self-reliance economic policy in China,which helped the implementation of a Close Door policy in China owing to the leadership's lopsided understanding of self-reliance.Thirdly,the struggle against and preventing Revisionism for the deterioration in the Sino-Soviet relations made China's economic policy in 1960's dramatically turn left,which culminated in the halt of China's economic development again.