《水浒传》的被动句

Passive Sentences in Heroes of the Marsh

近代汉语的被动句,除了以“被”字为主要标志外,还有与“被”字在语体或使用范围略有差异的“吃”与“蒙”;从对《水浒传》中被动句的分析可以看出:被动句不仅可依据主语和谓语之间是否存在被动关系来确定,还可以依据是否有受事主语进行分类。从而看出存有无受事者做主语的零主语被动句和受事两现被动句。

In modern Chinese, besides'被', there are other characters that mark the passive sentence-'吃' and '蒙' which are a little bit different from '被' in style or in using scope. From the analysis of the passive sentences in Heroes of the Marsh, we can see that the passive sentences are decided not only from the relation between the subject and the predicate verb but also from the classification based on whether there is a subject denoting the receiver of an action. We can find two kinds of passive sentences : 'zero-subject' passive sentence ( subject without the sense of receiver of an action ) and receiver-occuring-twice passive sentence.