“轴心时代”东西方人伦关系的特点及现代启示

Features and Inspiration of the Human Relations in the Axis Time

人际关系的和谐发展是现代社会的一大课题 ,“轴心时代”的古代雅典和先秦的人伦关系对现代社会仍有启示意义。古代雅典和先秦由于所处时代相同 ,两种人伦关系存在一定的相似点 ,包括男女两性地位中的“男尊女卑”状况和相同的阶级关系。然而由于自然地理条件、社会政治传统、经济环境的不同 ,造成两种人伦关系在个人与国家的关系、个人与个人的关系上 ,呈现出不同特点。古代雅典是“家国异构” ,以地缘关系和阶级关系为主 ;先秦则是“家国同构” ,以血缘关系为主。

Developing harmonious human relations is a hot point in modern society.The human relations in the 'Axis Time'of ancient Athens and the Pre-Qin Time of old China still inspirates our mordern time.The two old countries had the similar ethics in some ways because their same historical era,including the different social positions between male and female which was 'men's being dignity and women's lowly' and the same class condition. However they had varied features of human relations and individual-country relations for their different geographic enviroment, political tradition and economic condition. The Old Athens enbodied the 'family country disconstruction'which was presented by geographic and class relations, but Pre-Qin 'family-country co-construction'which was presented by consanguinity.