论先秦“赋诗”、“引诗”的文化意蕴

Concerning the Culura] Meaning of Chanting Poems and Quoting Poems in pre-Qin

《左传》、《国语》里记载了许多春秋“赋诗”、“引诗”的史实。从文化历史语境的阐释角度看,春秋赋诗是西周礼仪形式的遗留或变体;赋诗之所以能成为贵族生活中一种具有普遍性的言说方式在于诗歌原有的那种庄严性、高贵性恰好符合了贵族作为一个社会阶层的自我认同需求;再者,诗歌所独有的含蓄、委婉的特性,使赋诗成了外交或交际场合请求或拒绝别人的合适、得体的方式。春秋时代贵族引诗也是一种普遍现象,但到了春秋末期开始的“子学时代”,只有儒家大量引诗。同为史书,《左传》、《国语》记载的引诗与《战国策》记载的引诗有重要的差异:前者在于标举某种精神价值,而后者只是一种纯粹的语言修辞术。

It is indeed charming that history facts on chanting Poems and Quoting Poems which recorded in Zuo Zhuan and Guo Yu. Later periods have no men who can chant or quote a poem impromtu and have gentle, refined manner and implicit, elegant , graceful style of speech. Why did this widespread phenomenon of Chanting Poems and Quoting Poems appear in pre-Qin? What meaning of culture and history implid this phenomenon? This article is to examine these issue.