论魏晋名士的心态与命运

On mental attitudes and destinies of celebritles in Wei and Jin periods

名士渊源于后汉,汉末的社会环境、风尚对名士有较大的影响。魏晋时期,社会动荡,统治者适应错综复杂的政治斗争的需要,调整统治政策,进一步加剧了名士的分化。由于魏晋名士的视野不同,心态各异,因而政治派别,处世姿态也不同。有士族当权派、隐逸派、依违骑墙派、恃才旷荡派。有的官居要职,实是得意;有的依违避就,随波逐流;有的与俗俯仰,同流合污;有的政治失意,恃才旷荡。一些名士把对现实的不满与自身的苦闷,表现在与时代、命运的抗争中,并通过"放达"的形式展示了思想解放、人性解放、理性自觉的人文精神和文化意义。

Celebrities began with the Later Han Dynasty,the social environment and fashion of Later Han Dynasty had a fairly great effect on celebrities.During Wei and Jin periods,the society was in turmoil.In order to meet the needs of complicated political struggles,the rulers adjusted ruling policies.This took further steps to intensify the division of celebrities.Because of different views and mental attitudes of celebrities in Wei and Jin periods,there were different political sects and attitudes of life.There were scholar-officials,hermits,fence sitters and conceited and loosely minded persons.Some were very important officials and very proud of themselves.Some were indecisive in attitude and drifted with the current.Some were very vulgar and in their evil deeds.Others were frustrated in politics and conceited and loose in mind.Some celebrities expressed their dissatisfaction with realities and their own depression in the struggle against the times and destiny.They revealed human spirits and cultural meaning of mental liberation,human literation and conscious reason by the approach of loose mind.