上元年间的政局与武则天逼宫

The Political Station in Shangyuan Period and the Action of Bigong of Wu Zetian

麟德元年上官仪事件之后到上元二年,是高宗和武则天执政时期政治平静的十年,学界甚少关注。然而,这十年间,先后发生了讨论许敬宗谥号、重新审定国史、为长孙无忌恢复名誉、改年号为“上元”、新定“天皇”“天后”称号、改革官服制度、皇后率百官亲蚕等一系列事件,这些孤立的事件,背后隐藏着忠于李唐体制的官员同武则天以皇后身份逐步夺权的激烈斗争,为了杜绝二元政治下的政争,武则天发动逼宫行动,使得斗争白热化。这场斗争以太子李弘之死告一段落,高宗和忠于李唐的势力遭受打击,武则天主政的局面更加牢固,并对以后的政治大清洗产生深刻影响。这是一场维护李唐体制与否的政治斗争,并非地域性党派集团的争权夺利。

A series of incidents happened from the first year of Linde period to the second year of Shangyuan period. These incidents reflected the conflict between Wu Zetian as queen and the officers who fought for the system of Tang Dynasty. The act of Bigong of Wu Zetian was the climax of the conflict. From this perspective, this incident was not a conflict between regional groups but a conflict that was of vital importance to the existence of system of Tang Dynasty.