核果类果树胚培养研究进展和育种成效

Progress of Embryo Culture Research in Stone Fruit Breeding

综述了国内外核果类果树胚培养研究进展。重点分析了培养基对桃、杏、李和梅胚培成苗的影响,对在核果类果树胚培养中常用的培养基类型进行了讨论。同时也分析了低温处理和胚龄对胚培成苗的影响,即核果类果树胚培养需要一定量低温处理,胚龄越长胚培成苗率越高(胚败育除外)。最后阐述了应用胚培养技术在桃和杏品种选育中所取得的成效。

The progress of embryo cul tu re research in stone fruit breeding in the world is summarized.It is mainly ana lyzed that the effect of culture medium on the success of receiving plantlets fr om immature embryo culture of peach,nectarine,apricot,plum and mume ;and eff ect of low temperature treatment (0～5℃)and age of embryo on the raising ra te of the plantlets from immature embryos.The culture medium that frequently us ed in embryo culture for stone fruits was discussed.It is point-ed out that d ormancy of immature embryos is necessary in the stone fruit embryo culture and t he older the age of embryos,the higher the rate of plantlets raised from embryo s(besides embryo abortion).Peach and apricot breeding with embryo cul-ture i s exceptionally reviewed.