浅议抗战时期民主进程中的几个问题

Some Issues in the Democratic Movement During the Anti-Japanese War

抗日战争是中国民主发展史上一个极为独特又极为重要的时期。在战争的硝烟中,互相对立的集权和民主趋势都各自获得新的发展动力。国民党的集权达到了前所未有的程度,而民主运动的发展也达到了前所未有的规模。最终,固守一党专政体制的国民党逐渐失去了社会的支持。具有在野党与区域执政党双重身份的中国共产党,紧紧抓住了民主的旗帜,既竭力向国民党要求西式民主,又在自己的统治区域探索试行新的民主制度,并发展出新的民主政治理论———新民主主义论。对战争后期的民主运动发生影响的国际因素也不可忽视,美国对国民政府经历了一个从期望到失望的过程,而中国人民对美国也同样经历了一个从期望到失望的过程。从长远来看,抗战时期国共双方在民主问题上的一失一得,已在某种程度上决定了未来中国的走向。

The Anti-Japanese War was a very special and important period in China’s democratic development.During the war,the two opposing forces,centralization and democracy,gained their momentum.GMD’s centralization and the dictatorship under Jiang Jieshi reached to an unprecedented Level.Meanwhile,the democratic movement also reached an unprecedented level.In the end,GMD lost popular support,while the CCP,with its dual status as the national opposition party and a regional ruling power,played the leading role in the democratic movement.While demanding for Western style democracy in the GMD regime,the CCP built a new democratic system in the areas under its control.International influences,especially that from the America,can not be underestimated too.The U.S.Government pushed the GMD hard for reforms,and was reluctant to give up until after many disappointments.To a great extent,the GMD’s failure and the CCP’s success in the democratic movement during the Anti-Japanese War determined China’s political process in the following years.