中药马兜铃对实验性大鼠肾损害的研究

Aristolochic Induces Renal Impairment in Rats

目的 :观察马兜铃对大鼠肾损害的特征及生化指标改变 ,探索其发病机理。方法 :用马兜铃水煎剂(30g/kg·d-1)Wistar大鼠灌胃 ,建立大鼠马兜铃酸肾病 (AAN)实验模型 ,监测灌胃后尿量 (U)、尿蛋白排出量 (Up ro)、血红蛋白 (Hb)、尿素 (BU)、肌酐 (SCr)指标和肾组织的动态变化 ,并与对照组比较。结果 :生化指标 :①U(ml) :灌胃后第 3d与对照组比较明显增多 ,P <0 0 0 2 ,至第 14w开始回降P <0 0 5 ,17w恢复到对照组水平 ,P >0 0 5 ;②Upro(g/d) :灌胃后第 3d与对照组比较明显升高 ,P <0 0 0 1,第 3w达高峰 ;③Hb(g/L) :灌胃后第 3w与对照组比较降低 ,P <0 0 5 ,第 12w降至最低点 ,P <0 0 1;④BU (mmol/L) :灌胃后第 1w与对照组比较升高 ,P <0 0 5 ,第11w及第 2 0w出现两个高峰 ,P <0 0 1～ 0 0 0 1;⑤SCr(μmol/L) :灌胃后第 10w突然升高并达高峰 ,与对照组比较P <0 0 0 1,随后下降 ,至第 14w降至正常 ,P >0 0 5 ,第 2 4w再次升高 ,P <0 0 0 1。肾脏病理改变 :①肾小管 :早期上皮细胞肿胀、变性、坏死 ,基底膜裸露 ;晚期小管灶性萎缩 ,可见小管基底膜增厚。②间质 :可见炎性细胞浸润 ,早期随时间增加 ,第 13w时最严重 ,以后逐渐减少。 2 4w时偶见间质纤维化。③血管 :血管改变呈进行性 。

Objective:To investigate mechanism and pathological changes during aristolochic induced nephropathy in rats.Methods:Wistar rats were randomly divided into two group:group one received aristolochic orally(30g/kg·d -1 in 3ml saline solution,2/d)for twelve weeks,group two(control group)received same volume of saline water.Uric proteins,hemoglobin and renal functions were measured before and after aristolocic administration,and three rats from each group were killed for pathological examination.Results:Renal functional changes of nephrotoxicity due to aristolochic included urinary volume,proteinuria,azotemia,and anemia.Histopathological changes in the kidneys of the treated rats showed degeneration and necrosis in tubular epithelial cells.Inflammatory reactions were most severe at week 13.Renal interstitial fibrosis with few infiltrated mononuclear cells developed at week 24.Aggressive arteriole changes were also found.Only mild lesions were detected in glomerulus.Conclusion:The above results give more detailed information to pathological characteristics of aristolochic induced nephropathy in rats.