安塞纸坊沟流域坡地果园生态系统特点及优化设计模式探讨

Ecosystem characteristics and optimized model of slope orchard in Zhifanggou subwatershed in Ansai

对安塞纸坊沟流域果园的果树种类、分布、群落结构及功能进行了研究和分析,认为其能反映作为人工控制的生态系统对生态环境和目前市场经济环境的适应性特征.纸坊沟流域果园生态系统的空间格局比较符合生态学原则,但果园的群落结构和果树种类的面积比例对生态环境和市场环境均不适应.最后,作者从果园的种类组成、面积比例、群落结构及系统与外部的联系、经营管理等方面提出了优化模式设计.

Varieties, distribution as well as community structure and function of orchards in Zhifanggou watershed, Ansai, have been studied, intending to show adaptation extent of orchards, as managed ecosystems, to local physical surroundings and current marketing economic environment. The results uncovered that spatial pattern of orchard ecosystems in the watershed was relatively adaptive to local natural settings, but the community structure and area proportion of the fruit tree species can't meet the demand of the ecological and marketing environments.Based on detailed analysis, the paper worked out an optimization model that involves orchard species and variety composition, area distribution, community structure and connections with outside systems and orchard management.