葡萄植株营养诊断与平衡施肥调节技术研究应用

Study and Application of Grape Nutrition Diagnosis and Balanced Fertilization Technique

通过在葡萄花前一周、花后一周、生理落果和果实膨大四个关键生长时期,采摘成熟叶的叶柄分析植株大量和微量元素含量,计算元素养分丰缺指数,根据养分丰缺指数指示的养分元素在葡萄体内的丰缺状况,结合目标产量和葡萄营养规律制定营养调节方案,叶面喷施葡萄专用肥。结果表明:叶面施肥可使葡萄增产9%～20%,葡萄可溶性固形物较对照提高4%～14%(绝对值),酸度下降4%～18%,Vc含量有明显的增加,通过计算增加的收益,产投比在1/3.5～1/34.6。所采用的葡萄营养诊断和调节方法增产、改善品质,成本低、方法简便,是葡萄生长期营养管理的一种有效方法。

The paper sampled grape leafstalks at four key periods of grape growth, and analyzed macro- and micro-elements content , calculated nutrient index indicating excessiveness or lack of every elements. Based on nutrient index , and combined target yield with nutrient law of grape , the paper prepared a scheme to adjust grape nutrient status ,and fertilized by spraying foliar fertilizer special made for grape. Results showed that foliar fertilization could increase yield 9%～20% , sugar content 4%～14% and vitamin C , decreased acidity 4%～18%.It could be concluded that the method of grape nutrition diagnosis and adjusting nutrient status was not only increasing yield and improving qualities of grape ,but also low capital and simple operation . Therefore , it was a useful technique for grape balanced fertilization in growth period.