抗冻蛋白研究进展

A Study Process on Antifreeze Proteins

抗冻蛋白是一种能抑制冰晶生长的蛋白质或糖蛋白质。自二十世纪60年代发现以来,研究对象先后从极区鱼类、昆虫、转移到植物材料上。抗冻蛋白包括抗冻糖蛋白、抗冻蛋白Ⅰ、抗冻蛋白Ⅱ、抗冻蛋白Ⅲ、抗冻蛋白Ⅳ。简要介绍了各种抗冻蛋白的生化特征、抗冻机制及其应用研究,并对抗冻蛋白的基因工程作了系统综述。

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are a kind of protein or glycoprotein inhibiting the growth of ice crystals. In last 3 decades, its have been discovered in polarfish, overwintering insects, and then in plants. Its include AFGP, AEPⅠ, AFPⅡ, AEPⅢ and AFPⅣ. In this paper, biochemical characteristics, antifreeze mechanism, applications of antifreeze proteins as well as gene engineering involved are reviewed systematically.