关于“市民”、“市民文化”和“市民文学”的思辨——20世纪中国文学市民文化价值观研究之一得

Speculation on "Citizen", "Citizen Culture" and "Citizen Literature"——Preliminary Exploration in the Research on Citizen Culture and Value View of Chinese Literature in the 20th Century

在文化和文学范畴使用“市民”这个概念的时候,更多的场合是指一种生存状态,一种文化形态。研究“市民”,尤其是中国“市民”,应该从历史的演变去作一种动态的辨析。从整体上来说,近现代意义上的市民文化是近现代大工业、近现代城市化的产物,是人类步入近现代以来,在科学和民主的广阔历史背景下形成和发展的,是顺应时代发展方向的。但市民文化也是一面双刃剑,既有正面,亦有负面,既有积极面,亦有消极面。市民文学是市民文化价值观的文学文本载体,市民文学必须是反映市民的生活、文化价值观念和审美情趣的文学,必须是以广大市民为接受主体的文学。

The concept of 'citizen' usually refers to a kind of existence and culture in the field of culture and literature. Therefore, research on 'citizen' , especially 'Chinese citizen', should be regarded as dynamic terms with the evolution of history. Generally, 'citizen culture' of modern times, the outcome of industrialization and civilization, which is formed and developed in the society called for science and democracy, has developed towards the evolution of times since human's entrance into modern times. But citizen culture is two-sided which had both positive and negative effects. While 'citizen literature' is the literary and textuary carrier of citizen's culture and value view. It should be the reflection of lives, culture view and aesthetic sentiments of citizens and must be literature oriented to the vast citizens.