“贬官禅悦”与柳宗元的诗歌创作

Buddhist Delight after Demotion and Liu Zongyuan's Poems

柳宗元与佛禅的纠结,成为学术史上一大公案。崇其佛学造诣者,誉其为"义理精到处","似胜"王维;揄扬其"唯物"立场且具"战斗性格"者,惜其"好佛","尤非以好佛而赞赏子厚"[1](P216)。两端的偏颇恰恰是不识柳子亦不识佛禅,柳氏之"好佛"及"精到处",正在于柳宗元不守一宗一门而出入"百家之学"的态度和实行精神;柳宗元是真正意义上的"贬官",其谪贬地又是南宗禅的发祥地,不管是寻求思想上的依托,抑或抒发性情的需要,斯时斯地,庶几"既贬则禅",禅旨、禅境、禅思极大地影响了柳氏的诗歌创作;就其诗歌创作来说,柳氏虽在贬而求禅悦,其深入的进阶多是仰赖"人力"、"人工",与前辈诗人王维之于自然的深度感动,"身心的自然化"和"我梵一如"的诗风表现相比较,柳诗更多地呈现出一种"人造自然"的风格。

The relation of Liu Zongyuan and Buddhism is an issue of great scholarly interest,full of both praise and blame.After being demoted.Liu went to the place where southern Buddhism started and was greatly influenced by Buddhism with delight.This constitutes a distinguishing style in his poem writing.