我国淡水珍珠产业面临的问题、发展趋势及对策

INDUSTRY OF FRESHWATER PEARL PROBLEM,DEVELOPMENT THAT FACE TREND AND COUNTERMEASURE IN CHINA

淡水珍珠养殖存在问题 :规模膨胀 ,区域分散 ,品种单一 ,珠蚌种质差、珍珠质量劣 ;行业管理跟不上 ,养殖水域自身污染严重 ;养殖、加工技术落后和高税负 ;销售渠道受制于人 ,无国际品牌等 .发展趋势 :长江中游地区将继续是淡水珍珠主要产区 ;淡水有核珠将代替无核珠 ;正园珠、扁形珠、异形珠、大型珠、像形珠将是市场需求趋势 ;育珠技术水平将达到正圆珠率达 5 % ,特色珍珠的比率达 10 % ,中高档珠的比率 2 0 % ;珍珠的产量年增长率不超过 10 % ;珍珠系列产品研发将成为本产业的主攻对象 ,珍珠的加工率将达到80 % ;吸收外资和引进加工技术 .强强联合 ,打造国际品牌 ,直接进入国际市场 .对策 :建立珠蚌的原、良种基地 ,保种供应 ;加强相关科学研究 ,提高珍珠产业水平 ;建立“公司 +农户”的模式 ,提高市场抗风险能力 ;增加养殖开发的珍珠种类 ,满足社会需求 ;开辟精深加工新途径 ,扩大珍珠用途领域 ;制定科学的税收政策 .

Fresh water pearl the farming was in imposing array.Problem:The scale inflation,district scatter,and the species was singularity,low quality of clam idioplasm and pearl;Profession management can not keep up with it,farming water the oneself pollute serious;Technology of aquatic and processing was behind schedule and take with high tax law;the way of sell was under the yoke of abroad businessman,and had no the international brand etc..Development trend:The region in middle reaches of Yangtze River would continue was a main area of fresh-water pearl;The fresh-water nuclear pearl would replace the real pearl;Positive circle pearl,flat form pearl,abnormal shape pearl,large pearl,resemble the shape pearl would be a market to require with the trend;Teach ratio that pearl technique the level would attain the rate of positive circle pearl to amount to 5%,the characteristic pearl amount to 10%,inside the ratio of the upscale pearl amount to 20%;The pearl's yield year increases the rate and did not exceed 10%;Lord that pearl series the product develop and would become this property to main attack the processing of object,the processing rate of pearl would be attain 80%; Indraught the foreign capital and the processing technology;Strong and strong consociation of business enterprise,create the international brand,directly enter international market.Countermeasure:Establish the original species and the seed multiplication farm of Hyriopsis Cumingii(lea),to supply anybody else;Enhance the related science research,and increase the pearl industry the level;Establish the “company+ peasant household” of mode,increase the market anti- risk the ability;Increase category of the pearl,satisfy society need;Develop deep process the new path,and extend the pearl use the realm;The revenue from tax policy of establishment science.