国产PD3钢轨与进口钢轨材质性能的对比研究

Comparison of and Study on Quality of Imported and Domestic PD3 Rails

按照"时速200km客运专线60kg·m-1钢轨暂行技术条件"的要求,UIC900A、攀钢PD3及鞍钢PD3的钢轨材质性能进行对比研究。结果表明,三种钢轨的化学成分,H,O含量,非金属夹杂物,低倍及显微组织、断裂韧性、裂纹扩展速率、拉压疲劳以及轨底残余应力均符合"暂行技术条件"的要求。力学性能指标超过规定值,鞍钢、攀钢产PD3轨的KIC基本相当,而UIC900A钢轨的低温KIC稍高于国产PD3钢轨;PD3轨钢的拉压疲劳极限比UIC900A高出约5%;攀钢PD3钢轨轨底残余应力较鞍钢PD3钢轨略高,而UIC900A钢轨最低。另外,进口钢轨的脱碳层深度较浅,攀钢钢轨脱碳层较为稳定,而鞍钢钢轨脱碳层有的炉次超过了"暂行技术条件"的规定。

According to the requirements of 'Tentative Technical Specifications of 60 kg·m^-1 rails used on 200 km·h^-1 Passenger Dedicated Lines', the performance of UIC900A, Pangang PD3 and Angang PD3 rail steels is compared and studied. Study results reveal that all three kinds of steel are up to the requirements of the 'Tentative Technical Specifications' in the chemical components, the H and O contents, the non-metal inclusion, the macro and micro amplification organs, break durability, crack expansion rate, pull and press fatigue and rail base residual stress. The mechanics performance index exceeds the specified value. Angang and Pangang produced PD3 rails are roughly the same in KIC. Bu the UIC900A low temperature KIC is a little higher than the domestic ones. The PD3 rail steel is higher than the UIC900A in pull and press fatigue limit by 5%. The rail base residual stress of Pangang PD3 is a little higher than that of Angang, with UIC900A the lowest. In addition, the imported rail has relatively shallower carbon spin-offs while the Pangang steel as a stable carbon spin-off layer. But in this some batches of Angang steel exceeds the 'Tentative Technical Specifications'.