文蛤二倍体和三倍体染色体核型分析

Analysis on karyotype of diploid and triploid Meretrix meretrix (Linnaeus)

以担轮幼虫为材料,采用热滴片法制作染色体标本,对二倍体和三倍体的文蛤(MeretrixmeretrixLinnaeus)染色体数目及核型进行探讨,结果显示,文蛤二倍体的核型为2N=38,24M+14SM,NF=76;三倍体的核型为3N=57,36M+21SM,NF=114。二者染色体类型基本相同,均未发现有异型和具随体的染色体。另外本研究还分析了文蛤与帘蛤目(Veneroida)及帘蛤科(Veneridae)的其他种类之间的核型异同,为探讨它们之间的亲源关系提供科学依据。

With larval chromosome as the research material, the karyotype of diploid and triploid Meretrix meretrix were analyzed by using hot dropping method. The results show that the karyotypic formula of diploid and triploid Meretrix meretrix are as follows: 2N=38,24M+14SM,NF=76;3N=57,36M+21SM,NF=114. There is no significant difference between the two in terms of chromosome composition, and both show no isomerism nor satellite chromosome. Furthermore, the comparison of karyotype is also made between different species of Veneroida order, so as to lay a theoretic foundation for further researches on their evolutional relationship.