讽智还是讽愚——简论愚人文学的讽刺主题

Satirizing Wisdom or Satirizing Folly——On the Satirical Themes of Folly Literature

西方愚人文化源远流长 ,“愚人村”的传说、《圣经》和福柯对中世纪欧洲疯癫史的考证可以看作是这种愚人文化的文本集成。愚人文学就是源于这种愚人文化 ,并由民间纯粹的“讽愚”文学发展到学者手中的以“理性”为靶子的“讽智”文学。本文从探求愚人文化的源流入手 ,论证了愚人文学的主题关照。

The western folly culture is of long standing and well established, with the legends of fools of Gotham, The Bible and Foucault's History of Insanity in the Age of Reason as the textual epitome. Rooted in folly culture, folly literature develops from the pure folk “folly satirizing” literature into the scholastic “rationality satirizing” literature. Starting from the probe into the origin of folly culture and folly literature, the author expounds the themes of the folly literature.