小麦穗粒数的染色体效应研究

EFFECT OF CHROMOSOMES ON THE NUMBER OF GRAINS PER SPIKE IN COMMON WHEAT

选择穗粒数少的多少穗品系“10阿”为被测材料,“中国春”和“阿勃”两套单体系列为测验系,对穗粒数的染色体效应进行了研究。结果表明,被测材料穗粒数少系受6A、1B、4B、6B、2D,4D和4A或5A染色体上的不完全显性基因所控制。其中,1B和2D染色体上的基因表现为强效,其余染色体上的基因表现为弱效。据前人研究和本试验结果分析认为,被测系的1B、6B和4D染色体上可能具有控制穗粒数的新基因。

The effects of the chromosomes on the number of grains per spike were studied in the common wheat (Tritieum aestivum L.)multispikelet line with the smaller number of grains per ear, '10-A', by using the monosomic series of the two regular lines, 'Chinese Spring' and 'Abbondanza'. The smaller number of grains per spike of the tested line '10—A' was found to be controlled by 6—7 incomplete dominance genes, located on chromosomes 1B and 2D (two major effect genes) as well as 6A, 4B, 2D and 4A or 5A (four to five minor effect genes). According to the analysis of the results in the past studies and the present experiment, it was speculated that the new genes governing, the smaller number of grains per spike were carried on the chromosomes 1B, 6B and 4D of the tested line '10-A'.