从空间对地观测到预测地球未来的变化(一)——NASA地球科学事业(ESE)战略计划述评

From Observing the Earth from Space to Predicting the Future Change of the Earth——Review on NASA's Earth Science Enterprise

分析介绍了NASA的ESE战略计划,该计划以提高人类对地球系统的科学认识、改进对天气、气候和自然灾害的预测和预报为目的,通过观测、模拟等手段认识控制地球系统变化的过程,回答一系列地球系统科学问题;计划制定了未来十年NASA的科学、应用和技术目标,针对不同的科学问题确定了相应的卫星任务并且展望了预期成果。最后对ESE战略计划的若干特点进行了概括和分析。

The NASA's Earth Science Enterprise(ESE) is introduced and analyzed in this paper. ESE aims at scientific understanding of the Earth system and increasing the duration and accuracy of the forecasts in weather, climate and natural hazards, and answers a series of science questions by observing(especially satellite observation), modeling the processes controlling the Earth system. The ESE defines the aims of science, application and technology in the next ten years separately, and arranges different satellite missions according to different science questions. The characteristics of the ESE are summarized at the end of the paper.